By Karimi Janet
As we reflect upon the state of democracy in Africa in 2023, we are confronted with a complex landscape that has been profoundly impacted by military coups and internet shutdowns. This year has seen pivotal developments in several African nations, highlighting both the progress made in democratic governance and the challenges that persist. We are compelled to address these issues as they represent significant factors in shaping the continent’s political landscape.
In the year 2023, Africa witnessed a series of military coups that challenged the foundations of democratic rule. Gabon and Niger were among the nations affected by these coups, where the military took control, often citing various justifications. The consequences of these coups are far-reaching, not only for the nations involved but also for the broader West African region. These actions threaten the hard-fought gains in democracy, stability, and good governance achieved over the past decades.
The military coups in Gabon and Niger, and others across the region, reflect the fragile nature of democracy in Africa. While democracy has made significant strides in many African nations, it remains susceptible to disruptions and backslides. These coups underscore the imperative of reinforcing democratic institutions, promoting transparency, and strengthening the rule of law. A commitment to peaceful transitions of power and the resolution of political disputes through democratic processes is essential for Africa’s future stability.
Internet shutdowns during elections have emerged as a concerning trend in various African countries. Zimbabwe, Senegal, Gabon, and others have witnessed restrictions on internet access during crucial electoral moments. The internet is a vital tool for the exercise of democratic rights, enabling citizens to access information, engage in open discourse, and participate in the electoral process. Internet shutdowns not only curtail these fundamental rights but also undermine the integrity of elections and the democratic process itself.
Zimbabwe, for example, experienced slowed internet speeds during its elections, adding to concerns over transparency and fairness in the electoral process. Access to information is essential for an informed electorate, and any restrictions on internet access impede the people’s ability to make informed decisions and hold their leaders accountable.
In Senegal, the government-imposed internet shutdowns for the second time in 2023, as protests erupted following the imprisonment of opposition leader Ousmane Sonko. Such actions raise concerns about the suppression of dissenting voices and opposition, essential components of a vibrant democracy. In Gabon, internet shutdowns coincided with political unrest and the curtailing of civil liberties. These measures not only hindered access to information but also hindered the ability of the population to engage in meaningful discourse during critical political moments.
Africa stands at a pivotal juncture where the advancement of democracy is balanced by the challenges it faces. These challenges, represented by military coups and internet shutdowns, call for the collective commitment of African nations, regional bodies, and the international community to uphold democratic values and principles. We call upon African governments to reaffirm their dedication to democratic governance, human rights, and the rule of law. Respect for the will of the people, peaceful transitions of power, and protection of civil liberties must be non-negotiable tenets of African democracy.
Regional organizations like the African Union and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) play crucial roles in maintaining democratic norms on the continent. We urge these organizations to take proactive steps to address democratic backsliding and support nations in upholding democratic principles. Furthermore, the international community, including Western nations and global organizations, should remain steadfast in supporting African democracies. This support can take various forms, such as monitoring elections, providing technical assistance, and condemning actions that undermine democracy, such as military coups and internet shutdowns.
In conclusion, democracy in Africa faces significant challenges in 2023, marked by military coups and internet shutdowns. However, these challenges also provide an opportunity for African nations to reaffirm their commitment to democratic values, resilience, and progress. We must collectively work to protect and nurture the democratic aspirations of the African people, ensuring that they are not undermined by authoritarian actions or technological restrictions.
